Internal Control and Fraud Detection in the Banking...

INTERNAL CONTROL AND FRAUD DETECTION IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF GUARANTEE TRUST BANK PLC) BY OGUNDELE GBONJUBOLA 06271184 BEING A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA, ABUJA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.SC) HONOURS DEGREE IN ACCOUNTING JANUARY, 2011 DECLARATION Apart from references of other people’s work which were fully acknowledged, I hereby certify that this research work was wholly done by me under the guidance of my supervisor, Mallam Sani Gurowa of Department of Accounting, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.†¦show more content†¦Data captured for this study, were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The descriptive analysis involves the use of percentage, tabulation presentation. While the inferential statistical method involved the used of the chi-square. The functions of fraud prevention, detection and control are interwoven, as the three works together to eliminate fraud and fraudulent tendencies. Therefore, internal control is highly significant in fraud detection and preventions in banking sector. TABLES OF CONTENT Page Title page i Declaration ii Certification iii Dedication iv Acknowledgement v-vi Abstract vii Table of content viii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Statement of the problem 3 1.3 Justification for the study 4 1.4 Research hypothesis 5 1.5 Scope of the study 6 1.6 justification of the study 6 1.7 Significance of the study 1.8 Definition of terms 7 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Meaning of Internal control 10 2.3 Component / type of internal control 14 2.4 Objective of internal control 17 2.5 Essential element of internal control 18 2.6 Importance of internal control 20 2.7 Practical application of internal control 22 2.8 Types of bank frauds 23 2.8.1 Methods by which fraud can beShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Causes and Measures of Curbing Fraud in the Banking Sector25289 Words   |  102 PagesMEASURES OF CURBING FRAUD IN THE BANKING SECTOR. BY ESSIEN NSIKAK U. 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Conflict Theorists Free Essays

Conflict theory was developed from the concern that the structural functionalism theory neglected conflict in society and was politically conservative. This conflict theory also addressed the perceived failure of structural functionalism to account for change in society (Ritzer, 1992, p. 61). We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Theorists or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theory has evolved to include elements of structural functionalism and traditional Marxist focus on dominant and subordinate groups. Conflict theory often depicts a: polarization of the forces of â€Å"law and order† on the one hand and left wing political activists and minority group members reacting to what they saw as excessive police repression of political protests and urban riots on the other (Giffen, et al. , 1991, pp. 8-9) This aspect of conflict theory assumes, however, that the dominant and subordinate groups are more or less homogenous in nature. Most research in the field of drug policy recently, however, deals with power being located in â€Å"institutional structures in society such as economic, governmental and religious institutions (Giffen, et al. 1991, p. 10)† that do not presuppose homogenous groups. An example of this would be the comment of Riley after attending a conference on drug issues in the United States, where he remarked that â€Å"many researchers felt the real reason for the war on drugs in that country was that it helped to suppress blacks and minorities. (Riley 1994b)† One of the failings of conflict theory becomes apparent when researchers in the history of this legislation find little in the actual discussion of the laws that pertains to race. Giffen, et al. (1991) write that the early legislation’s principle proponents had the â€Å"altruistic aims of supporting the international anti-opium movement† despite the anti-Chinese sentiment of the times (p. 525). The fact that the laws were used solely against the Chinese at first is indicative of this anti-Chinese sentiment, and not the creation of the laws themselves. Later legislation was driven mainly by enforcement officials, as there was little in the way of public outcry for more rigorous anti-opium legislation (p. 525). Johns (1991) under the heading â€Å"Race: The Creation of an Enemy Class,† writes bluntly: â€Å"The enforcement tactics of the War on Drugs are focused on minority populations† (p. 155). In her paper, Johns (1991) posits that the War on Drugs takes attention away from the factors which underlie the problems of drugs and trafficking, partly because the â€Å"more powerful segments in society† (p. 150) do not want attention focused the poor job they are doing to cure the ills of society. Johns also expands the group being oppressed to include the poor, who have been hit with massive housing and health care cuts under the Republican Presidencies. The dichotomy between those in power and minorities and the poor is self-perpetuating, in that these groups have a limited upward mobility (and, therefore crimes like trafficking in illicit drugs becomes appealing), and when they do try to increase their wealth through illicit means, those in power see that as justification for minorities and the poor being in the position they are in. The conflict theory is problematic in describing why there is a war on drugs. It may help to explain (as Johns (1991) successfully does) why a War on Drugs continues in the U. S. , but leaves unanswered questions when applied to other situations. How to cite Conflict Theorists, Papers

Charismatic Christianity Sociological Perspectives †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Charismatic Christianity for Sociological Perspectives. Answer: Introduction The Christian ethics can only be understood when one has a sound knowledge of the term Christian and ethics. It is known by almost all the people that those who follow the teachings of Jesus Christ are known as Christians. The values and principles that are considered in the lives of Christians are Christian ethics. These are core values and teachings of Jesus, in which he taught his followers about the conduct and way of life they should lead. According to Christianity the emphasis was always on love and sacrifice. A fundamentalist Christian though puts a lot emphasis on personal salvation. Ethics are often defined as moral values or standards of conduct of human beings. Christians follow their holy book bible that acts as their moral guidance. Bible tells Christians how their conduct should be in the society and from what all things they are required to refrain themselves. Christian ethics puts a lot emphasis on sinners, people who commit sins, that is basically the unethical pract ices and the judgment and punishment. According to Christianity, on the day of judgment all the sinners will be punished and those who righteously led their lives will get salvation. In Christian ethics salvation is very important. It is believed by Christians that deliverance from sins is brought by having faith in Christ and following his teachings (Wadell, 2016). Christianity and Politics As far as politics is considered in Christianity, it is very important to look back in the history. According to Christian belief church is being separated from religion but looking at it with historical perspective it can be seen that is very difficult to separate church from the politics. After the roman emperor Constantine into Christianity, the church gained Christendom, a power where it could create the king of the state and could also dethrone the king or the emperors if they do not perform their duties as per the church. All the people of the society were be considered as Christian and so the church interfered in politics. The present secular states are the result of Protestantism (Outka, 2017). According to Christian Political Ethicsthat has the views of some of the famous Christian scholars from different theological and ethical frame mainly the Catholic, Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anabaptist--to address fundamental questions of state and civil society, international law and relations, the part of the nation, and matters of violence and its control. It represents a unique fusion of faith-centered ethics and social science; the contributors give their different personal Christian understandings, they describe the ethics as they understand it, that is both secular ethical thought and other some religious viewpoints from Judaism, Islam, and Confucianism. They look into different Christian views of state and society--and the limitations of each. They grab tensions that are raised within Christianity over issue of patriotism, civic duty, and loyalty to one's nation, and they examine Christian responses to pluralism and relativism, globalization, and war and peace. It shows the st riking pluralism that lies within Christianity itself. This leading volume shows the meanings of Christian citizenship and civic responsibility, and raises compelling new questions about civil disobedience, global justice, and Christian justifications for waging war as well as spreading world peace. It brings Christian political ethics out of the churches and seminaries to deal with the most sensitive and complex social issues of contemporary society. The source of most of Christian ethics is bible. For Christians bible has been the most appropriate to teaching, reapproving, correcting, and training Christians in righteousness (Raheb, 2014). Earlier the Old testament was the guiding book for the people, the books of the old testament guides the actions of the people and their actions, a lot of rules have been mentioned in the old testament regarding marriage and how people should lead their lives. Old Testament has the Ten Commandments found in the book of Exodus that is still considered as the basis of Christian ethics (Niebuhr, 2013). According to the New Testament, which in which the basis ofmoralityis theGreat Commandment, everyone should love and adore God with all heart, mind, might and soul, and to love one's neighbor as oneself.The teachings of Deut 6:4-9andLev 19:18, are reaffirmed by Jesus. Christ put together all these commands and represented himself as a model of the love required as mentioned inJohn 13:12, which is known also asThe New Commandment. Paul is one of the most important source of Christian history because he was an Apostle in his gospels he put emphasis on "Law of Christ", which is a phrase found in gospels of Paul though its understanding and the relationship ofPaul of Tarsus and Judaismremains a mystery till now. The Pauline writings are also the major source of theNew Testament household code. According to TheCouncil of Jerusalem, they said in Acts 15, which was held in Jerusalem in about 50AD. Its decree, is widely known and accepted as theApostolic Decree, it has been generally binding for several centuries and is still observed today by theGreek Orthodox (Marshall, 2014). One of the most controversial topics of all time is Abortion, as per the Christian ethics abortion is considered as sin, the church does not allow the parents to opt for abortion. Christian opinions on abortion are difficult to understand because there is no such prohibition of the act in the historical evidences. It has nowhere in the books been referred directly in both the Old Testament and New Testament books of theBible, which is followed by the Christians (Wells Quash, 2017). Some Christian writers say thatthe beliefs of earlier Christians had been variant depending upon the situations. Others say that, although nothing has been mentioned about abortion in the New Testament, it is being condemned irrespective of the stage of pregnancy, it is considered one of the most worst sin.The condemnation was maintained even when some of cases abortion is required and is not a murder of homicide. The destruction of a fetus not yet "formed" is considered as homicide according to the Churc hes. The Didache, a Christian writing of mid to late 1st century, forbids abortion in its Chapter two. As per the teachings of theRoman Catholic Church, "human life must be respected and protected right from the time of conception.Therefore, it is against the procedures that aim to destroy an embryo or fetus for any reason (even before implantation), but the church has admitted that acts, such as chemotherapy or hysterectomy of a pregnant woman who has cervical cancer, which indirectly leads to the death of the fetus, can be morally accepted.According to church holds Church that "the first right of the human person is his life" and that life begins right from the fertilization. Since the first century, the Church has declared that every act that leads to intentional abortion is a morally evil. As per the teaching that the Catechism of the Catholic Church has declared that the views "has not changed and remains unchangeable" (Hunt, Walter Hamilton, 2016). Since the twentieth centuryProtestantopinions on abortion has been changing, there Protestants can be found in both the "anti-abortion" and "abortion-rights" camps. Conservative Protestants are generally against abortion whereas "mainline" Protestants incline towards abortion-rights. African-American Protestants are more strongly taking a stand for anti-abortion than white Protestants.Even among Protestants there are people who believe that abortion should be legally accepted, also there are people who are against it and have a belief that it cannot be ethically unacceptable and hence it should remain illegal (Kreeft, 2016). Although bible does not say much onabortion, various readings of scripture make the Christians aware about the ethical views of this topic, including Genesis 4:1; Job 31:15; Isaiah 44:24, 49:1, 5; and Jeremiah 1:5, among others (Wright, 2013). The idea behind prohibition of Abortion is that according to Christianity there Ten Commandments which they have to follow and one command of the ten commandments is that one should not kill and abortion is kill a fetus, which develops into a child in the later stages if the child had not been killed or aborted (Heltzel, 2014). The Church of England wants people to reflect on the issue of abortion deeply and they have realized that every person is having a different opinion on the topic. However, the Church's governing body, The General Synod, has passed resolutions on the matters, which provide a strong Church of England position. The Church of England has the Roman Catholic view that abortion is 'gravely contrary to the moral law'. As the 1980 statement of the Board of Social Responsibility put forward. However, this statement does talk about those situations where abortion could be permissible. The 1983 resolution of Synod, after expressing concern about the number of abortions in recent years went on to recognize (Witherington, 2016). The Roman Catholic Church says that intentionally harming the fetus is a cruelest deed and wrong in every sense. It says that it is a doctrine of natural law and hence has been written as the word of God. The Church says that human life starts when a male sperm fertilizes the womans egg, and so fetus is living. From that very time a new life starts forming which is independent from the life of their biological mother and father. The characterstics that make children different from their parents like the color of our eyes, the shape of our face are all laid down in the genetic code that comes into existence gradually. Every new life that starts forming at this point is not a potential human being but a human being with potential. Since the sixteenth century, causing or having an abortion has led to automatic excommunication. This has been mentioned in the Code of Canon Law (1983): "A person who actually procures an abortion incurs automatic excommunication" (Davies, 2017). The Church condemned abortion in as early as the 2nd century CE: a document called theDidache, written in the 2nd century (sometime after 100 CE), states: "You shall not kill the embryo by abortion and shall not cause the newborn to perish". Pope John Paul II took a strong stance against it. He underpinned many of the pro-life groups which have been made to challenge the rules of abortion. The Church itself has played a major part in the politics of the abortion debate and has taken a very strong stance against abortion, describing it as murder (Crooks, 2015). In 1995, Pope John Paul II wrote an encyclical, which is basically a teaching letter to the whole Catholic Churches, calledEvangelium Vitaemeaning 'The Gospel of Life'. He said that the primary position of the Church. In his letter he directly referred to abortion, euthanasia and the destruction of human embryos evil and a sin. In October 1996, the Catholic Bishops of England and Wales published a document calledThe Common Good, which states that all human rights flow from one fundamental right: the right to life. Before that in 1980 a document in which the seven Catholic Archbishops of Great Britain England, issued a document which was called 'Abortion and the Right to Live (Simmons Sorrells, 2016). This document focused on the Church's opposition to abortion came from recognition of the basic rights of all individuals, including the unborn, who also have their own values. The Catechism of the Catholic Church has reiterated this as well. The 1992 version quotes from the documentDon um Vitae('the gift of life') from the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the department that looks into the matters of faith and morals (Atkinson et al., 2013). A few Catholics have different opinion with the Vatican line on abortion. They have given arguments against the total ban on abortion. Although the teaching of church has for a long time said that a foetus becomes a person when the egg is fertilised, distinguished theologians such as Augustine and Aquinas said this did not happen until between 40 and 80 days after conception. Other Catholics put an argument that the Church has a fixed position on the right to life of the foetus nonetheless. The Church has given affirmation to the right and the responsibility of every Catholic to follow his or her own intuition on moral subjects, even when it conflicts with Church teachings. It is often argued by people that they have their right to choose whether they want a baby and not (Brown, 2015). Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded that the church has always been strict about the matter of Abortion, it does not matter whether the church is Evangelical, Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal or Methodist. All of them are opposed to the idea of Abortion and it is a grave sin. However, in the modern times there are some who strongly support Abortion, these people are known as Pr-Choice and those against Abortion are known as pro-life. Today people do not restrict themselves to the rules made by the Churches so they oppose the old rules that have been prevailing from a very long time. There are cases where there are complications in delivery and so the child has to be aborted, in those cases the church is not much strict. The church also says that it is the responsibility of every Christian to judge their actions themselves and decide what is right and what is wrong. References Atkinson, D. J., Field, D. F., Holmes, A. F., O'Donovan, O. (Eds.). (2013).New dictionary of Christian ethics pastoral theology. InterVarsity Press. Brown, R. E. (2015).An introduction to the New Testament. Yale University Press. Crooks, R. H. (2015).Introduction to Christian Ethics. Routledge. Davies, J. G. (2017).Christians, politics and violent revolution. Wipf and Stock Publishers. Heltzel, P. (2014).Jesus and justice: Evangelicals, race, and American politics. Yale University Press. Hunt, S. J., Walter, T., Hamilton, M. (Eds.). (2016).Charismatic Christianity: sociological perspectives. Springer. Kreeft, P. (2016).The Philosophy of Jesus. St. Augustine's Press. Marshall, R. (2014). Christianity, anthropology, politics.Current Anthropology,55(S10), S344-S356. Niebuhr, R. (2013).Moral man and immoral society: A study in ethics and politics. Westminster John Knox Press. Outka, G. (2017). The Ethics of Love and the Problem of Abortion.Church, Society, and the Christian Common Good: Essays in Conversation with Philip Turner, 146. Raheb, M. (2014).Faith in the face of empire: The Bible through Palestinian eyes. Orbis Books. Simmons, F. V., Sorrells, B. C. (Eds.). (2016).Love and Christian Ethics: Tradition, Theory, and Society. Georgetown University Press. Wadell, P. J. (2016).Happiness and the Christian moral life: An introduction to Christian ethics. Rowman Littlefield. Witherington III, B. (2016).New Testament Theology and Ethics(Vol. 2). InterVarsity Press. Wells, S., Quash, B. (2017).Introducing Christian Ethics. John Wiley Sons. Wright, C. J. (2013).Old Testament ethics for the people of God. InterVarsity Press.

Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Essay Example Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Paper Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet Paper and a series of fast moving images taken from the film are flashed before your eyes, fusing these images and dramatic music prepares you for and exiting yet traumatic film. You can tell from the onset which family is which just from the clothes that the boys of the separate families wear. The films costume designer had a tough job on her hands trying to differentiate the families as they were both alike in dignity. The Montagues, the family of Romeo played by the gorgeous Leonardo DiCaprio wear distinctively coloured Hawaiian shirts, have skin heads and show off their tattoos .The Capulets, the family of Juliet played by the beautiful Claire Danes on the other hand have an entirely different dress code they are far more decorative with expensive clothing and are accessorised with designer labels, belts and boots. The opening scene is one of great talent and skill in every way from the actors to the director, right down to the skill and precision of the special effects. With gunshots, fire and fast cars, combined with cheesy spaghetti western music and Jacki Chan Kung foo sounds this scene is one of the most exiting, exhilarating and humorous in the entire film.

Biography of Horace Greeley

Biography of Horace Greeley The legendary editor Horace Greeley was one of the most influential Americans of the 1800s. He founded and edited the New York Tribune, a  substantial and very popular newspaper of the period. Greeleys opinions, and his daily decisions on what constituted news impacted American life for decades. He was not an ardent abolitionist, yet he was opposed to slavery, and he was involved in the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s. When Abraham Lincoln came to New York City in early 1860 and essentially began his run for the presidency with his address at Cooper Union, Greeley was in the audience. He became a supporter of Lincoln, and at times, especially in the early years of the Civil War, something of a Lincoln antagonist. Greeley eventually ran as a major candidate for president in 1872, in an ill-fated campaign which left him in very poor health. He died soon after losing the 1872 election. He wrote countless editorials and several books, and is perhaps best known for a famous quote he probably did not originate: â€Å"Go west, young man.† A Printer in His Youth Horace Greeley was born on February 3, 1811, in Amherst, New Hampshire. He received irregular schooling, typical of the time, and became an apprentice at a newspaper in Vermont as a teenager. Mastering the skills of a printer, he worked briefly in Pennsylvania and then moved to New York at the age of 20. He found a job as a newspaper compositor, and within two years he and a friend opened their own print shop. In 1834, with another partner, Greeley founded a magazine, the New Yorker,  a journal devoted to literature, the arts and sciences. The New York Tribune For seven years he edited his magazine, which was generally unprofitable. During this period he also worked for the emerging Whig Party. Greeley wrote leaflets, and at times edited a newspaper, the Daily Whig. Encouraged by some prominent Whig politicians, Greeley founded the New York Tribune in 1841, when he was 30. For the next three decades, Greeley would edit the newspaper, which came to have a profound influence on the national debate. The dominant political issue of the day, of course, was slavery, which Greeley adamantly and vocally opposed. A Prominent Voice in American Life Greeley was personally offended by the sensationalist newspapers of the period and worked to make the New York Tribune a  credible newspaper for the masses. He sought out good writers and is said to be the first newspaper editor to provide bylines for writers. And Greeley’s own editorials and commentaries drew enormous attention. Though Greeley’s political background was with the fairly conservative Whig Party, he advanced opinions which deviated from Whig orthodoxy. He supported womens rights and labor and opposed monopolies. He hired early feminist  Margaret Fuller to write for the Tribune, making her the first female newspaper columnist in New York City. Greeley Shaped Public Opinion in the 1850s In the 1850s Greeley published editorials denouncing slavery, and eventually supported full abolition. Greeley wrote denunciations of the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott Decision. A weekly edition of the Tribune  was shipped westward, and it was very popular in rural parts of the country. Its believed that Greeleys hardening opposition to slavery helped shape public opinion in the decade leading up to the Civil War. Greeley became one of the founders of the Republican Party and was present as a delegate at its organizing convention in 1856. Greeleys Role in Lincolns Election At the 1860 Republican Party convention, Greeley was denied a seat in the New York delegation because of feuds with local officials. He somehow arranged to be seated as a delegate from Oregon and sought to block the nomination of New York’s William Seward, a former friend. Greeley supported the candidacy of Edward Bates, who had been a prominent member of the Whig Party. But the tempestuous editor eventually put his influence behind Abraham Lincoln. Greeley Challenged  Lincoln Over Slavery During the Civil War Greeley’s attitudes were controversial. He originally believed the southern states should be allowed to secede, but he eventually came to support the war fully. In August 1862 he published an editorial titled â€Å"The Prayer of Twenty Millions† that called for the emancipation of the slaves. The title of the famed editorial was typical of Greeleys presumptuous nature, as it indicated that the entire population of the northern states shared his beliefs. Lincoln Responded  Publicly to Greeley Lincoln wrote a response, which was printed on the front page of the New York Times on August 25, 1862. It contained an oft-quoted passage: â€Å"If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.† By that time, Lincoln had decided to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. But he would wait until he could claim military victory after the Battle of Antietam in September before proceeding Controversy at the End of the Civil War Horrified by the human cost of the Civil War, Greeley advocated peace negotiations, and in 1864, with Lincoln’s approval, he traveled to Canada to meet with Confederate emissaries. The potential thus existed for peace talks, but nothing came of Greeleys efforts. After the war Greeley offended a number of readers by advocating amnesty for Confederates, even going so far as to pay for a bail bond for Jefferson Davis. Troubled Later Life When Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1868 Greeley was a supporter. But he became disillusioned, feeling Grant was too close to New York political boss Roscoe Conkling. Greeley wanted to run against Grant, but the Democratic Party was not interested in having him as a candidate. His ideas helped to form the new Liberal Republican Party, and he was the party’s candidate for president in 1872. The 1872 campaign was particularly dirty, and Greeley was viciously criticized and mocked. He lost the election to Grant, and it took a terrible toll on him. He was committed to a mental institution, where he died on November 29, 1872. Greeley is best remembered today for a quote from an 1851 editorial in the New York Tribune: Go west, young man. It has been said that Greeley thus inspired many thousands to set out for the frontier. The most likely story behind the famous quote is that Greeley had reprinted, in the New York Tribune, an editorial by John B.L. Soule which contained the line, Go west, young man, go west. Greeley never claimed to have coined the original phrase, though he later expanded upon it by writing an editorial with the phrase, Go west young man, and grow up with the country. And over time the original quote was usually attributed to Greeley.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Law - Essay Example dents being used human shields, â€Å"collateral damage† that may be wreaked on them as a consequence of the military initiative, would put the attacking forces at a disadvantage in the court of public opinion. 5. Such a ploy has been condemned by some groups such as Amnesty International as murder, inasmuch as death is meted out summarily without trial, and the â€Å"war on terror† is not really a war governed by the law on armed conflict, that the term is but rhetoric, and what should prevail is civil law that is applicable during times of peace. 1. Chiozza (2004) determined that the effect of conflict on the tenure of leaders is not ex post inefficient; i.e., defeat is costly for leaders of autocracies and mixed regimes, but not in democratic regimes where political institutions fundamentally mediate the costs and benefits of conflict and its outcome. Research also supports the finding that victory in war does not bring benefits, in terms of enhanced status or longer tenure for the incumbent leader. However, â€Å"popular† conflict may enhance the prospects of an office-seeking political leader, but as to how precisely and what factors are involved should still be a matter of further inquiry. The study asserts that a study focusing on the qualities of leaders may provide important new rationalist explanations for war. 2. Gartzke (2001) examined the effect of interdependence among countries as a deterrent to the outbreak of armed hostilities between them. The study found that it is likely that economic integration facilitates a reduction in the frequency of disputes by making it easier for states to engage in signalling short of military violence. Linkages among countries promote non-violent competition and peaceful conflict resolution, and this study has shown evidence that such a prospect is no longer merely utopian, but occurs in actuality. 3. Jones, Bremer and Singer (1996) examine militarized interstate disputes through empirical patterns in the

Closed Circuit Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Closed Circuit Television - Essay Example But generally speaking the number of staff to monitor the whereabouts of the children would go down. If properly equipped advanced CCTV technology is used, facial recognition and the use of multiple cameras at once can cut down on time to locate a specific child when his or her caregivers come to pick them up. Different colored badges for the children can also be used to readily distinguish between boys and girls. DISADVANTAGES The presence of CCTV does not mean that the daycare administration can relax by turning over the task of safety and security to a system. Rather the CCTV should supplement the already established security in place. Extreme care and caution should be used when sending a child off from the center and care should be taken to see that the child leaves with an established and known caregiver or relative. In case the staff suspects anything out of the ordinary, contact must be established with the parents or caregivers of the child in every doubtful circumstance. An other thing is that the persons monitoring the CCTV cameras must be alert and vigilant at all times. There should be proper shifts established and more than one person monitoring at one time, depending on the size of the center. A plan should be in place as to what to do in case of suspicious activity.